Abstract: Leukemia is a common hematological malignant tumor, among which acute myeloid leukemia(AML) is the most common type of hematopoiesis malignant tumor with clonal myeloid primordial cell increasing, and AML is one of the most common hematopoiesis malignancies in all leukemia. The pathogenesis of the disease is not completely clear, and it is now thought to be caused by the interaction of many factors at multiple levels and stages. With the continuous development and progress of modern medicine at home and abroad, the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia at the gene level has been deeply understood. The novel gene-targeted therapy drugs developed can specifically act on the lesion site, and the effect is remarkable, the toxicity is relatively low, so that the treatment scheme of AML can be continuously optimized, and the prognosis has been greatly improved. It brings new hope for the effective and safe treatment of AML in clinic. In this paper, the research progress of the pathogenesis of AML at the gene level is reviewed in order to find out the potential gene targets and provide references for develop novel gene targeting drugs for precise treatment of AML.