Abstract: Cardiovascular disease is one of the diseases that seriously endanger human health. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that Xinmailong injection extracted from the medicinal insect American cockroach contains a combination of amino acids and complex nucleobases, which could regulate lipids, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative, anti-atherosclerosis, improve endothelial function, reduce pulmonary artery pressure and enhance myocardial contraction, inhibit ventricular remodeling, reduce myocardial hypoxia-ischemia and reperfuse injury, anti-arrhythmia, promote differentiation of stem cells into neuronal cells, etc. In the treatment of heart failure, chronic pulmonary heart disease, sepsis myocardial injury, heart and kidney syndrome, coronary heart disease angina pectoris and acute myocardial infarction cardiogenic shock and other aspects have been studied. This article reviewed the above aspects of the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease by Xinmailong injection.