Abstract: OBJECTIVE To prevent the clinical effect from being reduced due to the misuse of adulterants, the method was established to identify She medicine of Melastoma dodecandrum Lour. and its adulterants. METHODS M. dodecandrum Lour. and its adulterants: Bredia amoena Diels., Bredia sinensis (Diels) H. L. Li, Bredia quadrangularis Cogn. were conducted by microscopic identification and a liquid phase identification method was established based on the fingerprint of HPLC. RESULTS The main microscopic differences between M.dodeccandrum Lour. and its adulterants were summarized as follows:in root transverse section of the authentic materals contained the relatively large number of sclereid in phellem and clusters of calcium oxalate in phelloderm. There were two main differences to HPLC based on HPLC fingerprint:One was the chemicals with the relative retention time of gallic acid peaks which were about 1.1 were different in authentic and confusing products. Second was the ratio of chromatographic peak area to gallic acid peak area of the above chemical substances was quite different:The ratio in the authentic materials was > 0.90, the average value was 1.35, and the ratio in the easily confused products was < 0.30. CONCLUSION The methods established above distinguish the M. dodeccandrum Lour. and its adulterants quickly, simple and convenient, and easy to generalize application, has a wide application prospects.