Abstract: As an emerging scientific theory, fractal theory is used for describing the irregular and complex things, and revealing the regularity about their complex phenomena, and intrinsic correlation between part and whole. On the basis of previous domestic and foreign literature reports, this paper systematically analyze the research results of fractal theory in Chinese medicine resources, Chinese medicine planting, Chinese medicine identification, Chinese medicine preparations and so on, and summarize the application of fractal theory in the field of Chinese medicine.