Abstract: OBJECTIVE To study the effect of Kangfuxin on cytokines of acute ulcerative colitis(UC) induced by acetic acid in rats and explore its mechanism. METHODS The acute UC rat model was established by acetic acid enema. Except the normal control group and model control group, the other groups were gavaged respectively by Jiechangning, Kangfuxin 2.50, 1.25, 0.625 g·kg^-1. The disease activity index(DAI), colonic mucosa damage index(CMDI) and histopathological score(HS) were detected, interleukin-6(IL-6), C-reactive protein(CRP), nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) in serum and content of EGF, COX-2, MPO, iNOS in colon were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent method. RESULTS Compared with the model control group, Jiechangning and Kangfuxin with high dose could significantly reduce the expression level of IL-6, CRP, iNOS, COX-2, MPO and rise EGF in UC rats(P<0.01), and improve the pathological conditions of tissues. CONCLUSION Kangfuxin has therapeutic effect on acetic acid induced acute UC, and its mechanism may be related to down-regulating the expression of inflammatory factors and up-regulating the expression of EGF.