Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of Corydalis Rhizoma and its yield and quality under different cropping patterns, and to find the factors of yield difference of Corydalis Rhizoma under different cropping patterns. METHODS Three treatments were set up in the experiment:single cropping of Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. Wang, multiple cropping of Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. Wang and rice, multiple cropping of Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. Wang and corn. The agronomic characters, photosynthetic performance, biomass, yield and effective component of Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. Wang under different cropping patterns were measured, at the same time, the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in different parts of the plant were determined. Then analyzing the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents on growth, yield and quality of Corydalis Rhizoma. RESULTS The agronomic characters, photosynthetic performance, biomass at harvest, yield and effective components of Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. Wang. were more advantageous under the condition of multiple cropping, especially in the combination of Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. Wang. and rice. The content of nitrogen in plants of Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. Wang was positively correlated with stem volume, yield, total biomass and net photosynthetic rate; the content of phosphorus was positively correlated with total biomass; and the content of potassium was positively correlated with tetrahydropalmatine and net photosynthetic rate. CONCLUSION Multiple cropping can affect the accumulation and distribution of nitrogen and potassium in plants, and significantly improve the agronomic characters, photosynthetic performance of Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. Wang and yield and quality of Corydalis Rhizoma.It is recommended that multiple cropping of Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. Wang and rice should be adopted in paddy field, multiple cropping of Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. Wang and corn should be adopted in dry land, and multiple cropping of Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. Wang and corn should be popularized in mountainous area of China.