Abstract: OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of alginate/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/chitosan coaxial nanofibers on healing of deep partial-thickness burn in rats. METHODS Coaxial nanofibers composed of sodium alginate/PVA/chitosan were prepared with coaxial electrospinning technology, Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques were used to characterize morphology and composition. Water absorption and antibacterial ability in vitro were evaluated. Sprague-Dawley rats with deep partial-thickness burns were randomly divided into 2 groups, the model group without treatment and the coaxial nanofiber treatment group. Wound healing and pathological slides were observed. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), differentiation cluster 31 (CD31) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were determined by immunohistochemical staining. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were determined by ELISA. RESULTS Obvious core-shell structure of coxial nanofibers were observed. Coaxial nanofibers were highly absorbent and had good effect in bacterial inhibition. Low infiltration of inflammatory cells and much collagen formation in the wound tissue were observed by H.E. staining and Masson staining on the 5th, 14th and 21st day after burn. Compared with the model group, coaxial nanofiber group shortened wound healing time, increased wound healing rate (P<0.01) with less inflammatory cell infiltration and promoted collagen production. Coaxial nanofibers could effectively increase expression of VEGF, CD 31, PCNA, and decrease TNF-α and IL-6 levels (P<0.01). CONCLUSION Sodium alginate/PVA/chitosan coaxial nanofibers can effectively promote the healing of deep burn wounds by promoting the proliferation of wound cells and synthesis of collagen. It can be used as a novel wound dressing for treatment of deep partial-thickness burns.