Abstract: Prunella vulgaris L. is a perennial herb in the genius Prunella. It is produced in all parts of China. Prunella vulgaris L. contains rich chemical components and has a long history of medical application in China. Its pharmacological effects are extensive and its clinical efficacy is remarkable. Through reviewing the literature and books of relevant periodicals at home and abroad, the main chemical components contained in Prunella vulgaris L. are summarized and classified according to the structure type of the compound. And pharmacology, clinical applications of Prunella vulgaris L. and pharmaceutical preparations based on Prunella vulgaris L. are also summarized. This review aims to provide sufficient theoretical basis for clinical use and further research on Prunella vulgaris L..