Abstract: Peroxiredoxin 2 (Prx2) is an important member of peroxiredoxin family. It is widely distributed in various tissues and organs of human body, especially abundant in erythrocytes. Prx2 can function as a scavenger of peroxide, sensor and transducer of cell signals, molecular chaperone and so on. Changes in the structure and expression of Prx2 are related to many human diseases, consequently making Prx2 a new focus in clinical diagnosis and drug development. This review generally introduced the physiological functions of Prx2 and its relation with different human diseases, as well as detecting techniques of Prx2 in different forms. It aims to study the regulation mechanism of Prx2 and its potential in disease diagnosis and other clinical applications.