Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of clinical pharmacists in anti-infective treatment of neonatal pneumonia with carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. METHODS A retrospective analysis of clinical pharmacists participated in a case of levofloxacin treatment of neonatal pneumonia with carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumonia was studied. RESULTS Clinical pharmacists evaluated the risks and benefits of quinolones for neonatal infection, participated in the adjustment of anti-infective regimens, and carried out pharmaceutical care for the treatment of the neonate. CONCLUSION In the absence of safe and effective alternative anti-infective regimens, pediatric patients treated with fluoroquinolones may be safe and reasonable. According to pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics characteristics of fluoroquinolones in pediatric patients, physician and clinical pharmacists shall determine a reasonable drug therapeutic schedule to reduce the mortality rate of carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria in pediatric patients.