Abstract: Artemisia annua contains a rich chemical composition, high medicinal value, broad pharmacological effects. With the continuous development and innovation of science and technology and research methods, the research on the pharmacological action and mechanism of Artemisia annua has also been gradually deepened. In this paper, we summarize the pharmacological effects and mechanism of anti-malaria, anti-tumor, antibacterial and insecticidal, anti-inflammatory and immune regulation, anti-fibrosis, in order to further promote the development of Chinese medicine industry, but also for the rational use of Artemisia annua and clinical new use to provide more theoretical basis.