Abstract: OBJECTIVE To establish a quality assessment method for Rabdosia japonica (Burm. f.) Hara based on HPLC fingerprint and qualitatively analyze the chemical constituents by HPLC-ESI-MS. METHODS The chromatographic separation was performed on a Kromasil 100-5 C₁₈ analytical column(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) with methanol-0.1% glacial acetic acid as mobile phase in a gradient elution program at a flow rate of 1 mL·min^-1. The column temperature was maintained at 30℃. The detection wavelength was 239 nm. RESULTS The chromatographic fingerprints of the Rabdosia japonica (Burm. f.) Hara were established, and twelve common peaks were observed on the HPLC fingerprints. Seven components were putatively identified via referring to reference components and literatures and analyzing MS/MS data. CONCLUSION This method is accurate, reproducible for the general evaluation on Rabdosia japonica (Burm. f.) Hara scientifically and effectively, and provides a scientific basis for quality evaluation of the Rabdosia japonica (Burm. f.) Hara.