Abstract: Neuromuscular blocking agents are a kind of muscle relaxants acting on the peripheral nervous system, which don't have role of central nervous system. The drugs are widely used as anesthesia auxiliary drugs in surgery, but their use will often lead to residual neuromuscular block. In clinical practice, the antagonists are commonly used to antagonize or reverse the residual block effect. This paper summarizes the clinical application and market status of neuromuscular blocking agents and their antagonists in recent years, and describes the development opportunities and challenges in China.