Abstract: OBJECTIVE To establish a set of quantitative calibration models for rapid analysis of water, ginsenosides and carbohydrates in Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma Rubra (RGR) with near infrared spectroscopy (NIR), which is useful for the rapid evaluation of RGR quality. METHODS The quantitative calibration models of multi-components, including water, ginsenosides and carbohydrates, were developed using 62 batches of RGR with optimized spectral wavelength and pre-processing, as well as multivariate regression method; another 38 batches of samples were used for model validation and evaluation. RESULTS The quantitative models of water, total content of ginsenosides Rg₁ and Re, content of ginsenosides Rb₁ and total content of sucrose and maltose had good ability to predict, all relative deviations of predict results were <15%; the precision and reproducibility of the NIR rapid analysis method was also good. CONCLUSION It is a promising method for rapid analysis the key quality control indicators of RGR, the results are reliable, indicating it is an effective complement to traditional analytical methods; according to the prediction data, it can also effectively guide the subsequent process of production, avoiding the unnecessary waste caused by unqualified herbal medicines.