Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the distribution and drug resistance rates of pathogens causing lower respiratory tract infections in tuberculosis and respiratory department so as to provide basis for the rational clinical application of antibiotics. METHODS The sputum specimens and lavage specimens that were submitted form tuberculosis and respiratory department during July 2013 to July 2014 were collected. The bacterial identification and drug susceptibility testing were performed by VIT EK-2 Compact automatic bacteria identification system. The data were analyzed by means of SPSS 17.0 software. RESULTS The pathogens distribution and drug resistance ratios of tuberculosis and respiratory department were different. Statistical differences in bacteria distribution of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella acid bacteria were observed between tuberculosis and respiratory. Drug resistance rates of K. pneumonia were similar in tuberculosis and respiratory department. The rate of P. aeruginosa in respiratory department were significantly higher than those in tuberculosis department. The drug resistance rate of A.baumannii was higher in respiratory department than tuberculosis department. Drug resistance rates of methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus were similar in tuberculosis and respiratory department, with no methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. CONCLUSION The pathogens isolated from tuberculosis and no-tuberculosis patients in the distribution and drug resistance. It is necessary for cila physicians to grasp the distribution and drug resistance of the pathogens of own department in order to use antibiotics correctly.