Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the effect and mechanism of Bushen Huoxue decoction on bone tissue morphology and bone mineral density (BMD) in rabbit tibia lengthened. METHODS Twenty-four New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group and Bushen Huoxue group, 8 rabbits in each group. The sham operation group and model group were given physiological saline gavage, and the Bushen Huoxue group were given Bushen Huoxue decoction gavage. After eight weeks intervention, all rabbits were killed, and tibial lengthen regional bone tissue morphology, BMD, bone histomorphometry and gene expression of TGF-β2 were observed. RESULTS Compared with model group, there was continuous and intact tibia bone cortex in the Bushen Huoxue group, and bone substance of both inner and outer layer bone cortex increased significantly. Its bone trabecular was more thicken, regular arrangement, uniform distribution, lower rupture degree, more blood vessels and obvious reticular bone formation. BMD of bone lengthen area in sham operation group was higher than those of model group and Bushen Huoxue group(P<0.05), but BMD of bone lengthen area in Bushen Huoxue group was higer than that of model group (P<0.05). Tb.Ar, Tb.N, Tb.Th of bone lengthen area in sham operation group were greater than those of model group and Bushen Huoxue group, and Tb.Sp was less than that of model group and Bushen Huoxue group (P<0.05). But Tb.Ar, Tb.N, Tb.Th of bone lengthen area in Bushen Huoxue group were greater than that of model group, and Tb.Sp was less than that of model group(P<0.05). Gene expression of TGF-β2 in model group and Bushen Huoxue group were greater than that of sham operation group(P<0.05), but gene expression of TGF-β2 in model group was less than that of Bushen Huoxue group(P<0.05). CONCLUSION Bushen Huoxue decoction may play osteogenic action and promote bone mineralization through stimulating TGF-β2 expression, which is in order to ensure osteotomy lengthening region healing.