Abstract: OBJECTIVE To compare antipyretic effects of the root of tetraploid, diploid Scutellaria baicalensis and Scutellaria rehderiana cultivated in Gansu. METHODS The 110 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 11 groups. Drug intervention groups were given corresponding drugs for 2 d. On the third day, the rats were given peritoneal injection with 100 μg·kg^-1 lipopolysaccharide to establish model except the blank group. Drugs were given 1 time again 2 h later. The temperature of the rats were detected after 1, 2, 3, 4 h, while the contents of IL-1β, PGE₂ in blood serum were detected after the rats killed. RESULTS Compared with the model group, the change values of the rectal temperature(ΔT) after 2, 3, 4 h and the content of IL-1β, PGE₂ of each drug intervention group were significantly decreased(P<0.05). Compared with Hebei Scutellaria baicalensis group, the ΔT of rats in Scutellariae Radix Ⅰ(crude product) and Ⅱ(wine-product) group were remarkably higher (P<0.05). In the same time, the content of IL-1β, PGE₂ of rats in Ⅰ(crude product) and Ⅱ(wine-product) group of tetraploid Scutellaria baicalensis, diploid Scutellaria baicalensis and Scutellaria rehderiana cultivated in Gansu were significantly increased(P<0.05). CONCLUSION Tetraploid, diploid Scutellaria baicalensis and Scutellaria rehderiana cultivated in Gansu have antipyretic effects, but there is a significant difference between Scutellaria rehderiana and Hebei Scutellaria baicalensis. The antipyretic effects of Scutellaria baicalensis have no significant difference between crude product and wine-product.