Objective  To analyze the legislative status and regulatory challenges of online operations of traditional Chinese medicinal materials(TCMM), providing references for effectively regulating their operational risks.

METHODS  By reviewing the current legislative, law enforcement, and judicial practices in online TCMM operations, this study identified existing regulatory challenges and proposes targeted solutions based on relevant theoretical literature and judicial precedents.

RESULTS  Online TCMM exhibited certain risk factors in terms of quality assurance, consumer rights protection and regulatory coverage. The current regulatory framework required further improvement in legal norm coordination, interdepartmental collaboration efficiency, technological support mechanisms, and the establishment of a social co-governance structure.

CONCLUSION  To ensure the safety of TCMM, it is imperative to: institutionalize a standardized regulatory framework through structural reforms; establish a multi-dimensional law enforcement collaboration mechanism led by drug regulatory authorities with participation from third-party platforms; innovate technology-driven governance paradigms by enhancing digital system applications for real-time monitoring of TCMM operations; and develop a quadripartite social co-governance model integrating "government oversight+platform governance+industry self-regulation+consumer supervision". This new regulatory approach should be anchored in coordinated policy supply, technological empowerment, and multi-stakeholder collaboration.