Abstract: Sulfur is one of the human body essential macro-elements and the medicinal structural modifications common elements. Sulfur-containing compounds have the remarkable biological activities. Furthermore, thionucleoside derivatives have the high activities in anti-tumor, anti-virus and antibacterial field. Therefore, this paper is going to summarize the medicine which is already on the market and the thionucleoside derivatives which is still in the research and development stage.