OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical efficacy, safety and intervention value of pharmaceutical care of articaine hydrochloride and epinephrine injection combined with the computer-controlled single tooth anesthesia(STA) in the treatment of pregnant and lactating patients with pulpitis, so as to provide real-world evidence for oral pain management in special populations.

METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 31 pregnant and lactating patients with pulpitis admitted to the department of stomatology, Shaoxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital in 2025. All patients received the STA-assisted anesthesia regimen, and the mode of “multidisciplinary collaboration plus whole-process pharmaceutical care” was implemented under the leadership of clinical pharmacists. The safety, efficacy and operational adaptability of anesthesia were observed, and corresponding statistical methods were used for data analysis.

RESULTS Among the 31 patients, 23 were in pregnancy and 8 in lactation; 5 cases had mild pulpitis, 25 moderate and 1 severe, with well-balanced baseline data. In terms of safety, only 1 case(3.2%, 95%CI: 0.1%−16.7%) had mild dizziness, no severe adverse reactions occurred, and the incidence rate was lower than that reported in previous studies on traditional anesthesia methods. The Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) score was (7.6±1.3) before treatment and (1.0±0.6) after treatment, with a statistically significant difference(Z=−5.82, P<0.001, Cohen’s d=2.1). The treatment completion rate was 100%(95%CI: 89.7%−100%), and the patient satisfaction rate was 96.8%. The coefficient of variation(CV) of drug delivery dose via STA was 6.3%, the total operation time was (10.2±2.1) minutes, and patients’ fear of injection was significantly lower than that in traditional anesthesia. The rates of pharmacist-conducted medication review and postoperative follow-up both reached 100%.

CONCLUSION Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Injection combined with STA system is safe, effective and reproducible for painless anesthesia in pregnant and lactating patients with pulpitis, and it can significantly reduce patients’ fear of injection and postoperative adverse reactions. Whole-process pharmaceutical care, through multidisciplinary collaboration, covers the entire workflow from screening of medication indications, individualized dosage verification, and monitoring of drug administration to graded management of postoperative adverse reactions, thereby achieves precise medication control and risk early warning with considerable value for clinical promotion.