OBJECTIVE To systematically analyze the chemical composition of Shouxing Buzhi oral liquid, identify its anti-aging active constituents, and explore potential mechanisms of action.

METHODS The chemical components in the oral liquid were identified by using UPLC-Q-TOF MS/MS technology. The targets for active constituents and anti-aging effects of Shouxing Buzhi oral liquid were screened via SEA, SwissTargetPrediction, and Genecards databases. A protein-protein interaction network was constructed using the STRING database and evaluated target significance through topological parameters. GO functional and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were conducted using the DAVID database. A herb-compound-target-pathway network was built using Cytoscape 3.8.2 software.

RESULTS A total of 108 compounds were identified, covering components from 6 biosynthetic pathways, including shikimate-phenylpropanoid and terpenoid pathways. Core active constituents(moupinamide, 6-gingerol, licochalcone B) were screened via the “compound-target-pathway” network. Enrichment analysis revealed significant activation of 20 pathways(PI3K-Akt, HIF-1, etc.) by regulating key targets(SRC, STAT3, EGFR). Biological processes mediated: oxidative stress inhibition, apoptosis regulation, and insulin signal transduction, demonstrating multi-target synergistic anti-aging mechanisms.

CONCLUSION This study preliminarily verifies that Shouxing Buzhi oral liquid exerts anti-aging effects through multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway interactions, providing a reference for further research on its material basis and mechanisms of action against aging.