Abstract: Panax japonicus var. major is one of the precious and commonly used traditional Chinese medicines that is mainly produced in Yunnan Province, China. It is a traditional and regular medicine for ethnic minorities groups such as the Naxi, Bai, Lisu, Tibetan, and Yi, among which it is most commonly used in the Naxi region by the Naxi people. It possesses has high medicinal value. In the past three years, the price of it has remained consistently high, and related research has been increasingly conducted high, and more and more research has been conducted. In order to better develop and utilize this unique ethnic medicine resource, this paper research systematically organizes and reviews the historical evolution, species identification, chemical composition and its pharmacological effects of Panax japonicus var. major by referring to extensive a large number of literature and traditional herbal medicine herbal books. The aim is to provide a reference basis for the in-depth research and development and utilization of this rare traditional Chinese medicine resource.