Abstract: Plant exosome-like nanovesicles(PELNs) are an emerging nano therapeutic agent and delivery platform, which not only have the potential for disease treatment, but also can serve as drug carriers to target disease sites, playing a dual role in therapeutic delivery. More importantly, PELNs have the characteristics of being green, natural, and low immunogenicity. This article reviews the secretion mechanism, extraction and separation methods of PELNs, and their potential mechanisms in cancer treatment. It points out the problems in the research process of PELNs, such as separation and purification, drug loading capacity, safety validation and standardization, and large-scale production, and looks forward to their future development potential.