Abstract: Inflammatory disease is a kind of disease caused by excessive inflammatory reaction or accompanied by inflammatory complications that can affect human health. At present, inflammatory diseases can be treated clinically by inhibiting the inflammatory reaction. Although the commonly used anti-inflammatory drugs have clear efficacy, they all have obvious adverse reactions, which are easy to cause secondary damage to the body. Therefore, new anti-inflammatory drugs are urgently needed to be developed. Melittin is the main active ingredient isolated from bee venom, which has strong anti-inflammatory activity. It can treat a variety of inflammatory diseases by mediating the signal transmission of inflammatory pathway, inhibiting the activity of inflammatory cells and secretion of inflammatory mediators, and has a good curative effect, and has a broad clinical application prospect. In this paper, the effects and characteristics of melittin in the treatment of different inflammatory diseases, the main adverse reactions of melittin and coping strategies are summarized, so as to provide reference for the clinical development of anti-inflammatory application of melittin.