Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate the adverse reaction mechanism of rosiglitazone, and discuss the application of rosiglitazone by combined with its expanded application literature. METHODS Organize the reported literatures related to rosiglitazone. RESULTS Several adverse reaction including cardiac failure, fluid retention, bone loss, testosterone secretion decrease, bone marrow production decrease and hepatoxicity were reported in recent literature. Some documents reported that rosiglitazone could be used in curing glycuresis and cancers combined with other medicines. CONCLUSION There is a further understanding of the mechanism of action of rosiglitazone on animals or humans, and its safe use scope still needs to be further expanded.