Abstract: OBJECTIVE To identify true or false of cordyceps powder and judge it's content use the hyperspectral imaging technology. METHODS The true and false samples powder were mixed at different ratios of 9:1, 8:2, 7:3, 6:4, 5:5, respectively. The hyperspectral image data of samples and different proportions of true and false mixed samples were obtained by the spectral range of 940-2 500 nm hyperspectral imager. Through principal component analysis (PCA) to determine the difference between true and false samples, and combined with partial least squares (PLS) method to analyze the content of true and false powder samples. RESULTS In different proportions of true and false mixtures, cordyceps powder identification degree was 97.0%-98.78%, and false cordyceps powder identification degree was 83.10%-99.3%. CONCLUSION The research results show it is convenient to identify the true and false of cordyceps powder by the hyperspectral imaging technology, and it is suitable for quality evaluation of traditional cordyceps powder.