OBJECTIVE To systematically review the research progress and controversies regarding the mechanisms of action, clinical applications, and international guideline recommendations of low molecular weight heparin(LMWH) in the treatment of recurrent spontaneous abortion(RSA).
METHODS Relevant domestic and international literature was systematically retrieved and analyzed to summarize the mechanisms of LMWH from the perspectives of anticoagulation, anti-inflammation, immunomodulation, and improvement of placental function, and to evaluate its clinical efficacy in different types of RSA.
RESULTS LMWH exerts therapeutic effects in RSA through multiple pharmacological targets. It demonstrates confirmed efficacy in RSA cases associated with prethrombotic state and antiphospholipid syndrome, but its value in unexplained RSA requires further validation through high-quality studies.
CONCLUSION LMWH plays an important role in the treatment of specific types of RSA. Future research should focus on optimizing individualized treatment regimens and further exploring its non-anticoagulant mechanisms.
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