Research Progress on the Molecular Mechanism of PPARγ in Regulating Hypertension and the Intervention of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Hypertension is a chronic disease characterized by vascular dysfunction, oxidative stress and inflammatory response, involving complex pathological mechanisms. PPARγ, as a nuclear transcription factor, plays a crucial role in the regulation of vascular homeostasis, inflammatory response and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system(RAAS) balance. This article systematically expounds the mechanism of PPARγ in hypertension and the current research status of traditional Chinese medicine in the intervention of hypertension through the regulation of PPARγ. Studies have shown that the activation of PPARγ can achieve multi-dimensional intervention in hypertension through the following pathways: inhibiting pro-inflammatory signaling pathways such as NF-κB and regulating macrophage polarization to alleviate inflammatory response; relieving oxidative stress by inhibiting NADPH oxidase activity and up-regulating the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway; promoting iendothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS) activity to increase NO production and inhibiting endothelin-1(ET-1) expression to improve vascular endothelial function; in addition, it can antagonize angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor(AT1R) and promote the expression of ACE2-Mas axis to restore RAAS balance. The active components of traditional Chinese medicine(such as ginsenoside Rg1, biochanin A, icariiside Ⅱ, hexahydrocurcumin, etc.) and compound prescriptions(such as Qihuang Zhuyu Formula, Yiqi Huoxue Formula, Banxia Baizhu decoction, etc.) can improve vascular function, reduce inflammatory response and oxidative stress, and effectively prevent and treat hypertension and its related target organ damage by activating PPARγ and its coactivator PGC-1α, inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway, enhancing Nrf2 antioxidant pathway, and promoting the expression of ACE2-Mas axis.