Research Progress of Different Mucosal Administration Routes and Carrier Optimization

Mucosal administration has become one of the main alternative methods of traditional invasive drug delivery because of its advantages such as convenient non-invasive, direct entry into the systemic circulation and multiple delivering sites. It also provides an acceptable treatment regimen for children, elderly, and the like who are intolerant to invasive administration. However, due to the complex and strong physiological barrier of the mucosa itself, the bioavailability of the drug is still at a low level. At present, new drug delivery systems are based on the modification of carriers and breakthroughs in inherent barriers. This article reviews the research progress of the six main mucosal routes of oral mucosa, nasal mucosa, vaginal mucosa, ocular mucosa, rectal mucosa and bladder mucosa.